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Frases de Huey P. Newton

Huey Percy Newton fue un político y revolucionario estadounidense, cofundador y líder inspirador de los Panteras Negras. En 1989 le mataron a tiros en Oakland, California.

Newton nació en Monroe, Luisiana, siendo el más joven de los siete hijos que tuvieron Armelia Johnson y Walter Newton, aparcero y predicador bautista. En 1945, la familia se estableció en Oakland, California. Cuando era adolescente, fue arrestado varias veces por delitos menores, como posesión de armas, vandalismo y pequeños robos.

Mientras estudiaba en el Merritt College de Oakland, Newton se involucró en política, uniéndose a la Asociación Afro-Americana y se convirtió en un destacado miembro de la fraternidad Phi Beta Sigma, capítulo Tau Beta. También comenzó a formarse ideológicamente, leyendo obras de Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Patrice Lumumba, Frantz Fanon, Malcolm X, Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, Fidel Castro y Kwame Nkrumah.[1]​ Fue durante este periodo en el Merritt College que Newton y Bobby Seale organizaron el Partido de las Panteras Negras para la Autodefensa en octubre de 1966.

El Partido Pantera Negra era una organización afro-estadounidense de izquierda que se presentó ante la población de color como un movimiento para combatir la discriminación de los negros y que legitimaba la violencia y la "autodefensa armada". Su conocimiento del Código Penal de California les permitió desarrollar las teorías de la autodefensa, incentivando a que los miembros de la comunidad negra se armasen y formasen patrullas, de acuerdo con sus derechos legales, para combatir la brutalidad y las agresiones de la policía. Se cree que parte de esta doctrina tenía como trasfondo la idea de preparar a la población para una futura revolución maoísta. El partido logró impacto y renombre nacional e internacional a través de su profunda implicación en el movimiento del Poder Negro y en la política de las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Newton y los Panteras también iniciaron una serie de programas sociales en Oakland, incluyendo la fundación de la Oakland Community School, que proporcionó educación de alto nivel a 150 niños de los barrios urbanos pobres. Otros programas de los Panteras incluían el Free Breakfast for Children Program y otros que ofrecían bailes para adolescentes y entrenamiento en artes marciales. De acuerdo con el Superintendente del condado de Oakland, John George: "Huey podría tomar una pandilla de tipos y darles una conciencia social". Newton fue acusado más tarde de malversar 600.000 dólares de los fondos estatales asignados a la Oakland Community School, pero los cargos se redujeron solo al cobro indebido de un cheque de U$S 15.000 para uso personal, y Newton fue condenado a seis meses de cárcel y 18 meses de libertad condicional.

Uno de los programas más influyentes y ampliamente conocidos de las Panteras fue la organización de las mencionadas patrullas de ciudadanos armados para evaluar el comportamiento de los agentes de policía y evitar la brutalidad policial. Esto provocó inevitables roces con la policía de Oakland y el 28 de octubre 1967, en un confuso episodio, el oficial de dicha fuerza John Frey resultó muerto, mientras que su compañero Herbert Heanes quedó gravemente herido, lo mismo que Huey Newton. Este fue procesado por la muerte de Frey y condenado en septiembre de 1968. En mayo de 1970, la Corte de Apelaciones de California anuló la condena y ordenó un nuevo juicio. Después de dos nuevas anulaciones de juicios posteriores, la Corte Suprema de California archivó el caso.

En esta época de Newton, escribió varias colecciones de ensayos, poemas y canciones, algunos de ellos publicados por el Partido de las Panteras Negras. Además, los años en que estuvo en la cárcel coincidieron con algunos de los mayores hostigamientos del FBI contra las Panteras Negras, especialmente a través de la infiltración y el fomento de las insidias internas que llevaron a Huey P. Newton y Bobby Seale a desconfiar uno del otro.

En agosto de 1974, Newton fue nuevamente arrestado, acusado ahora de asesinar a Kathleen Smith, una prostituta de 17 años de edad, siendo luego liberado por falta de pruebas. Newton también fue acusado de agredir a su sastre, Preston Callins. Tras pagar una fianza y salir en libertad, fue nuevamente detenido por el asesinato de Smith, pero fue capaz de pagar una fianza de U$S 80,000 y puesto en libertad una vez más. Posteriormente, Newton huyó a Cuba junto con su novia Gwen Fountaine para evitar ser procesado por los anteriores cargos, viviendo allí hasta 1977. Durante este tiempo va a engrosar la lista de los fugitivos más buscados por el FBI. Elaine Brown asumió como presidente del Partido de las Panteras Negro en su ausencia. Newton regresó a los Estados Unidos Estados en 1977 para ser juzgado por el asesinato de Smith y el asalto a Callins, alegando que el clima social ahora había cambiado y que existía la oportunidad de tener un juicio justo por unas acusaciones que, según él, habían estado influidas por implicaciones políticas.

Durante el juicio por agresión a Preston Callins, este cambió su testimonio varias veces y, finalmente, le dijo al jurado que no sabía quién lo había atacado. Newton fue absuelto del asalto en septiembre de 1978, pero declarado culpable de dos cargos de posesión de arma de fuego.

Después de quedar dos juicios y dos jurados en un punto muerto, la fiscalía decidió no volver a acusar a Newton por el asesinato de Smith.

En 1985 es acusado de malversación de fondos públicos en relación con los programas sociales de las Panteras Negras. Es condenado en 1989, en medio de rumores de que utilizó el dinero para mantener su propia adicción al alcohol y las drogas. En ese momento, la organización ya vivía una época de total decadencia.

El 22 de agosto de 1989, Huey P. Newton murió tras ser baleado por Tyrone Robinson, un traficante de drogas de Oakland. Robinson fue condenado por el asesinato, en agosto de 1991, a 32 años de prisión. Los medios de comunicación plantearon la hipótesis de que Newton podría estar involucrado en el tráfico de drogas, y que esto estaba en el fondo de su asesinato.

Se convirtió en un icono de la cultura negra estadounidense y de los raperos más combativos, como Tupac Shakur y Dead Prez, que compusieron en su honor varias canciones y ven su muerte como el resultado de una conspiración por las autoridades en contra de su activismo, el músico George Clinton posó en una foto en un sillón similar al de Newton, para el álbum de Funkadelic; "Uncle Jam Wants You". Wikipedia  

✵ 17. febrero 1942 – 22. agosto 1989
Huey P. Newton Foto
Huey P. Newton: 30   frases 0   Me gusta

Huey P. Newton Frases y Citas

“Cada vez que ejecuta a un policía racista blanco de la GESTAPO, usted esta defendiéndose.”

Huey P. Newton

Después de un tiroteo en Oakland en 1968 entre la policía local y militantes del Partido Panteras Negras.

De fe

Huey P. Newton: Frases en inglés

“The first lesson a revolutionary must learn is that he is a doomed man. Unless he understands this, he does not grasp the essential meaning of his life.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 3

“My fear was not of death itself, but a death without meaning. I wanted my death to be something the people could relate to, a basis for further mobilization of the community.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 190

“Laws should be made to serve the people. People should not be made to serve the laws.”

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Huey P. Newton

Fuente: To Die for the People: The Writings of Huey P. Newton

“I expected to die. At no time before the trial did I expect to escape with my life. Yet being executed in the gas chamber did not necessarily mean defeat. It could be one more step to bring the community to a higher level of consciousness.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 196

“The oppressor must be harassed until his doom. He must have no peace by day or by night. The slaves have always outnumbered the slavemasters. The power of the oppressor rests upon the submission of the people.”

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Huey P. Newton

From "In Defense of Self-defense" I (June 20, 1967)
To Die For The People

“Rewriting unjust laws is a basic human right and fundamental obligation.”

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Huey P. Newton

From "In Defense of Self-defense" I (June 20, 1967)
To Die For The People
Contexto: Men were not created in order to obey laws. Laws are created to obey men. They are established by men and should serve men. The laws and rules which officials inflict upon poor people prevent them from functioning harmoniously in society. There is no disagreements about this function of law in any circle-the disagreement arises from the question of which men laws are to serve. Such lawmakers ignore the fact that it is the duty of the poor and unrepresented to construct rules and laws that serve their interest better. Rewriting unjust laws is a basic human right and fundamental obligation.

“The blood, sweat, tears, and suffering of Black people are the foundations of the wealth and power of the United States of America. We were forced to build America, and if forced to, we will tear it down.”

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Huey P. Newton

From "In Defense of Self-defense" I (June 20, 1967)
To Die For The People
Contexto: The blood, sweat, tears, and suffering of Black people are the foundations of the wealth and power of the United States of America. We were forced to build America, and if forced to, we will tear it down. The immediate result of this destruction will be suffering and bloodshed. But the end result will be the perpetual peace for all mankind.

“To die for the racists is lighter than a feather, but to die for the people is heavier than any mountain and deeper than any sea.”

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Huey P. Newton

To Die for the People (1972), paraphrasing Mao Zedong's "Serve the People"

“I do not think life will change for the better without an assault on the establishment, which goes on exploiting the wretched of the earth. This belief lies at the heart of the concept of revolutionary suicide. Thus it is better to oppose the forces that would drive me to self-murder than to endure them. Although I risk the likelihood of death, there is at least the possibility, if not the probability, of changing intolerable conditions.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 3

“Revolutionary suicide does not mean that I and my comrades have a death wish; it means just the opposite. We have such a strong desire to live with hope and human dignity that existence without them is impossible. When reactionary forces crush us, we must move against these forces, even at the risk of death.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 3

“The people will win a new world. Yet when I think of individuals in the revolution, I cannot predict their survival. Revolutionaries must accept this fact.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 4

“When a mechanic wants to fix a broken-down car engine, he must have the necessary tools to do the job. When the people move for liberation they must have the basic tool of liberation: the gun.”

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Huey P. Newton

From "In Defense of Self-defense" I (June 20, 1967)
To Die For The People

“To us power is, first of all, the ability to define phenomena, and secondly the ability to make these phenomena act in a desired manner.”

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Huey P. Newton

Black Capitalism Re-analyzed I: June 5, 1971 in The Huey P. Newton Reader, p. 277

“When you deal with a man, deal with his most valuable possession, his life. There's play and there's the deep flow. I like to take things to the deep flow of play, because everything is a game, serious and nonserious at the same time. So play life like it's a game.”

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Huey P. Newton

quoted in David Hilliard (2006) Huey: Spirit of the Panther, p. 46

“Direct and unconcealed brute force and violence—although clearly persisting in many quarters of society—are today less acceptable to an increasingly sophisticated public, a public significantly remote from the methods of social and economic control common to early America. This is not a statement, however, that there is such increased civility that Americans can no longer tolerate social control of the country's under classes by force of violence; rather, it is an observation that Americans today appear to be more inclined to issue endorsement to agents and agencies of control which carry out the task, while permitting the benefactors of such control to retain a semidignified, clean-hands image of themselves.”

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Huey P. Newton

War Against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America (June 1980)

“The FBI was most disturbed by the Panthers' survival programs providing community service. The popular free breakfast program, in which the party provided free hot breakfasts to children in Black communities throughout the United States, was, as already noted, a particular thorn in the side of J. Edgar Hoover. Finding little to criticize about the program objectively, the Bureau decided to destroy it.”

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Huey P. Newton

War Against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America (June 1980)

“Always, the rulers of an order, consistent with their own interests and solely of their own design, have employed what to them seemed to be the most optimal and efficient means of maintaining unquestioned social and economic advantage. Clear-cut superiority in things social and economic—by whatever means—has been a scruples-free premise of American ruling class authority from the society's inception to the present. The initial socioeconomic advantage, begotten by chattel slavery, was enforced by undaunted violence and the constant threat of more violence.”

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Huey P. Newton

War Against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America (June 1980)

“An unarmed people are slaves or are subject to slavery at any given moment.”

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Huey P. Newton

"In Defense of Self-Defense" (20 June 1967)

“It is a fundamental assertion of this study that the majority society, in its fear-provoked zeal to maintain and assure its inequitable position in American society, flirted with and came dangerously close to total abandonment of the particular freedom upon which all others are ultimately dependent, the right to disagree. Moreover, it is an ancillary claim of this study that the danger has not yet passed.”

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Huey P. Newton

War Against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America (June 1980)

“I have no doubt that the revolution will triumph. The people of the world will prevail, seize power, seize the means of production, wipe out racism, capitalism.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 4

“You can kill my body, but you can't kill my soul. My soul will live forever!”

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Huey P. Newton

Last words, quoted in Hugh Pearsons (1994) The Shadow of the Panther, p. 315

“Many times the poorest White person is the most racist because he is afraid that he might lose something, or discover something he does not have.”

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Huey P. Newton

The Women's Liberation and Gay Liberation Movements (April 15, 1970)
To Die For The People

“Some see our struggle as a symbol of the trend toward suicide among Blacks. Scholars and academics, in particular, have been quick to make this accusation. They fail to perceive differences. Jumping off a bridge is not the same as moving to wipe out the overwhelming force of an oppressive army. When scholars call our actions suicidal, they should be logically consistent and describe all historical revolutionary movements in the same way. Thus the American colonialists, the French of the late eighteenth century, the Russians of 1917, the Jews of Warsaw, the Cubans, the NLF, the North Vietnamese—any people who struggle against a brutal and powerful force—are suicidal.”

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Huey P. Newton libro Revolutionary Suicide

Fuente: Revolutionary Suicide (1973), p. 5

“We must ally ourselves with the oppressed communities of the world. We cannot make our stand as nationalists, we cannot even make our stand as internationalists. We must place our future hopes upon the philosophy of intercommunalism, a philosophy which holds that the rise of imperialism in America transforms all other nations into oppressed communities. In revolutionary love we must make common cause with these oppressed communities.”

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Huey P. Newton

Resolutions and Declarations (1970)
To Die For The People

“In their quest for freedom and in their attempts to prevent the oppressor from striping them of all the things they need to exist, the people see things as moving from A to B to C; they do not see things as moving from A to Z.”

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Huey P. Newton

On the Defection of Eldridge Cleaver from the Black Panther Party and the Defection of the Black Panther Party from the Black Community
To Die For The People

“We realized at a very early point in our development that revolution is a process. It is not a particular action, nor is it a conclusion. It is a process.”

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Huey P. Newton

On the Defection of Eldridge Cleaver from the Black Panther Party and the Defection of the Black Panther Party from the Black Community
To Die For The People

“Men were not created in order to obey laws. Laws are created to obey men. They are established by men and should serve men. The laws and rules which officials inflict upon poor people prevent them from functioning harmoniously in society. There is no disagreements about this function of law in any circle-the disagreement arises from the question of which men laws are to serve. Such lawmakers ignore the fact that it is the duty of the poor and unrepresented to construct rules and laws that serve their interest better. Rewriting unjust laws is a basic human right and fundamental obligation.”

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Huey P. Newton

"In Defense of Self-defense" I (June 20, 1967)
To Die For The People