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Frases de Indíra Gándhí

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi fue hija única de Kamala Nehru y Jawaharlal Nehru, héroe nacional y el más longevo primer ministro de India. Tomó su nombre de su marido Feroze Gandhi .

Heredera de la más poderosa dinastía política de la India, la "familia Nehru-Gandhi", comenzó su ascenso político como la aliada más cercana y allegada de su padre, tras cuya muerte logró transformar su papel de ser miembro ornamental de la élite política a ser la más poderosa líder de la India durante décadas, ello través de su popularidad en las masas y su parentesco y filiación con la Dinastía Nehru.

Habiendo ingresado en 1938, en el Partido del Congreso, Indira participó activamente en la lucha por la independencia de la India, dirigida por el legendario Mahatma Gandhi, máximo líder hindú, lográndose dicho cometido en 1947, tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando una debilitada Gran Bretaña se mostraba incapaz de continuar subyugando al país asiático.

Ya un país independiente, la India pasó a poseer su propio sistema político-gubernamental, el cual a su vez fue controlado por la familia Nehru, convirtiéndose Jawaharlal Nehru en el primer Primer Ministro de la India, puesto en el cual permanecería durante 17 años y desde el cual impulsaría la consolidación definitiva del país, con el apoyo del Partido del Congreso, del cual era Jefe y allanando el camino para el comienzo de la era dinástica de los Nehru-Gandhi. Es en este contexto en donde surge la figura de Indira, quien se convierte en la confidente y apoyo de su padre, mudándose con él a la residencia ministerial, y pasando a convertirse en una figura clave, viajando, conociendo a los más consagrados políticos y estadistas de la época, pasando así a desempeñar un rol esencial como figura pública.

En 1959 se convierte en la Jefa del Partido del Congreso. En 1964, tras la muerte de su padre Jawaharlal Nehru y el nombramiento de Lal Bahadur Shastri como Primer Ministro de India, Indira Gandhi es nombrada Ministra de Información y Radiodifusión, cargo en el que permanecerá hasta 1973. Sin embargo, la prematura muerte del Primer Ministro Shastri en 1966, la impulsó a convertirse en la Secretaria General del Partido del Congreso, y por extensión, en Primera Ministra de India, ese mismo año.

A pesar de su nueva posición, la Sra. Gandhi, como era conocida, no solo mantuvo su anterior cargo ministerial, sino que llegó a ocupar progresivamente los cargos de Ministra de Relaciones Exteriores , Ministra de Finanzas , Ministra de Interior y ministra de Defensa .

Ejerció como Presidenta del Partido del Congreso y Primera Ministra de la India durante un total de 15 años, desde 19 de enero de 1966 hasta el 24 de marzo de 1977, y desde el 14 de enero de 1980 hasta su asesinato el 31 de octubre de 1984, siendo una fuerte y decidida líder hindú en una de las épocas más inestables de la India.

Estratega y pensadora política brillante, al ocupar una posición tan elevada en una sociedad todavía muy patriarcal, se puede pensar que Indira Gandhi fue una "jefa pasiva", pero sus acciones continuamente demostraron lo contrario. Utilizó todos los medios a su disposición para consolidar su poder y autoridad como primera ministra; y como una de las mujeres más poderosas del mundo, no dudó en materializar sus fines políticos a escala nacional e internacional.

Condujo a la India a la industrialización, y apoyó la independencia de Pakistán Oriental, Bangladés . Durante el gobierno de su padre ayudó a centralizar el poder, debido a la situación crítica de la nación. Tuvo buenas relaciones políticas con la Unión Soviética y sus relaciones con Estados Unidos se tornaron excepcionalmente frías, debido a que Indira era una pensadora de izquierda.

En 1975 declaró al país en estado de emergencia, censuró las críticas en los medios, ordenó la esteralización obligatoria, e impuso así una dictadura que duró hasta 1977, momento en el cual Indira decidió llamar a plebiscito popular, sufragio que perdió. No obstante, volvió a ser reelegida en 1980, debido a su carisma, su popularidad extrema entre las clases populares y a la incompetencia del gobierno "provisional" para mantener una estabilidad medianamente firme en el país.

Indira luchó incansablemente contra el nacionalismo sij en el Panyab. Estos querían un estado confesional Sij . Indira organizó una maniobra militar para detener a los fanáticos nacionalistas en su propio templo, lo cual dejó cientos de muertos civiles y generó un gran descontento entre la minoría sij.

En 1984, tres meses después de su reelección, cuando iba a ir a una entrevista con el actor Peter Ustinov fue asesinada por dos de sus guardaespaldas de confianza, que le asestaron 31 impactos de bala. Los guardaespaldas formaban parte de la minoría sijs y fueron abatidos poco después.

✵ 19. noviembre 1917 – 31. octubre 1984   •   Otros nombres Indira Gándhíová
Indíra Gándhí Foto
Indíra Gándhí: 53   frases 11   Me gusta

Frases célebres de Indíra Gándhí

“Los impulsos tendientes a crear o acentuar divisiones deberían ser atemplados y reemplazados por el espíritu de conciliación”

Indíra Gándhí

“Las personas que piensan que no son capaces de hacer algo, no lo harán nunca, aunque tengan las aptitudes.”

Indíra Gándhí

Variante: Las personas que piensan que no son capaces de hacer algo, no lo harán nunca, aunque tengan las aptitudes

“Paz no es solo la ausencia de discordia y de violencia. Paz significa armonía y un clima de comprensión y tolerancia. Las condiciones necesarias para que reine un clima así son la libertad y la justicia, tanto social como económica, y la madurez necesaria para evitar el odio y el temor. Naturalmente, los gobiernos desempeñan un papel importante para moldear la opinión pública, pero igual responsabilidad tienen los pueblos mismos, lo que ellos sientan y hagan. El pensamiento justo y la acción correcta por parte del pueblo no pueden dejar de incidir sobre el gobierno.”

Indíra Gándhí

“Hay que vigilar a los ministros que no pueden hacer nada sin dinero y a aquellos que quieren hacerlo todo sólo con dinero.”

Indíra Gándhí

Indíra Gándhí Frases y Citas

“No hay peor contaminación que la pobreza.”

Indíra Gándhí

“Un día mi abuelo me dijo que hay dos tipos de personas: las que trabajan, y las que buscan el mérito. Me dijo que tratara de estar en el primer grupo: hay menos competencia ahí.”

Indíra Gándhí
abuela

“‎"Para liberarse, la mujer debe sentirse libre, no para rivalizar con los hombres, sino libres en sus capacidades y personalidad."”

Indíra Gándhí
De libros , De hombres , De mujeres , Personalidad

“El perdón es una virtud de los valientes”

Indíra Gándhí
Perdón

“El pensamiento justo y la acción correcta por parte del pueblo no pueden dejar de incidir sobre el gobierno”

Indíra Gándhí
De arte

“No se puede jugar un papel constructivo sino en la medida en que se está seguro de sí mismo y consciente de las debilidades”

Indíra Gándhí

“Creo en un mundo unido, y llegará el tiempo en que la gente sabrá preservar su individualidad y -a la vez- abatir barreras divisorias”

Indíra Gándhí
De mundo , De gente

“No podemos invocar ideales de justicia, libertad e igualdad sin emplear plenamente nuestras energías en combatir los males de la pobreza, la superstición y la injusticia social. Es una tarea demasiado grande para permitirnos dedicar tiempo a recriminaciones mutuas o plantearnos como objetivo la venganza. Los impulsos tendientes a crear o acentuar divisiones deberían ser atemplados y reemplazados por el espíritu de conciliación. La malicia y las políticas que fomentan y alientan el odio son autodestructivas”

Indíra Gándhí
De justicia , De odio , Libertad , Mal

Indíra Gándhí: Frases en inglés

“My grandfather once told me that there were two kinds of people; those who do the work and those who take the credit. He told me to try to be in the first group; there was much less competition.”

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Indíra Gándhí

“You can't shake hands with a clenched fist.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Attributed
Variante: You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist.

“We should not mourn for men of high ideals. Rather we should rejoice that we had the privilege of having had them with us, to inspire us by their radiant personalities.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Luther King" http://gos.sbc.edu/g/gandhi2.html"Martin, speech at the presentation of the Jawaharial Nehru Award for International Understanding to Coretta Scott King in New Delhi, India (January 24, 1969). Published in Selected Speeches and Writings of Indira Gandhi, September 1972-March 1977 (New Delhi : Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1984. pp. 312-313).
Contexto: We admired Dr. King. We felt his loss as our own. The tragedy rekindled memories of the great martyrs of all time who gave their lives so that men might live and grow. We thought of the great men in your own country who fell to the assassin's bullet and of Mahatma Gandhi's martyrdom here in this city, this very month, twenty-one years ago. Such events remain as wounds in the human consciousness, reminding us of battles, yet to be fought and tasks still to be accomplished. We should not mourn for men of high ideals. Rather we should rejoice that we had the privilege of having had them with us, to inspire us by their radiant personalities.

“We admired Dr. King. We felt his loss as our own. The tragedy rekindled memories of the great martyrs of all time who gave their lives so that men might live and grow.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Luther King" http://gos.sbc.edu/g/gandhi2.html"Martin, speech at the presentation of the Jawaharial Nehru Award for International Understanding to Coretta Scott King in New Delhi, India (January 24, 1969). Published in Selected Speeches and Writings of Indira Gandhi, September 1972-March 1977 (New Delhi : Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1984. pp. 312-313).
Contexto: We admired Dr. King. We felt his loss as our own. The tragedy rekindled memories of the great martyrs of all time who gave their lives so that men might live and grow. We thought of the great men in your own country who fell to the assassin's bullet and of Mahatma Gandhi's martyrdom here in this city, this very month, twenty-one years ago. Such events remain as wounds in the human consciousness, reminding us of battles, yet to be fought and tasks still to be accomplished. We should not mourn for men of high ideals. Rather we should rejoice that we had the privilege of having had them with us, to inspire us by their radiant personalities.

“A nation's strength ultimately consists in what it can do on its own, and not in what it can borrow from others.”

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Indíra Gándhí

"Preface, 4th Five Year Plan" http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/4th/4ppre.htm, Government of India Planning Commission (July 18, 1970).

“I am here today, I may not be here tomorrow. But the responsibility to look after national interest is on the shoulder of every citizen of India. I have often mentioned this earlier. Nobody knows how many attempts have been made to shoot me, lathis have been used to beat me. In Bhubaneswar itself, a brickbat hit me. They have attacked me in every possible manner. I do not care whether I live or die. I have lived a long life and I am proud that I spend the whole of my life in the service of my people. I am only proud of this and nothing else. I shall continue to serve until my last breath and when I die, I can say, that every drop of my blood will invigorate India and strengthen it.”

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Indíra Gándhí

In: Selected Speeches of Indira Gandhi: January 1, 1982-October 30, 1984 http://books.google.com/books?id=ndA3AQAAIAAJ, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1986, p. 495.
Her last speech delivered in Orissa on 30 October 1984 before she was assassinated.

“You must learn to be still in the midst of activity and to be vibrantly alive in repose.”

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Indíra Gándhí

"The Embattled Woman Who Relishes Crosswords, Children...and Running India," People (June 30, 1975).

“There are moments in history when brooding tragedy and its dark shadows can be lightened by recalling great moments of the past.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Letter to Richard Nixon (December 15, 1971) http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/07/03/stories/2005070300090100.htm.

“I am not interested in a long life. I am not afraid of these things. I don't mind if my life goes in the service of this nation. If I die today, every drop of my blood will invigorate the nation.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Fuente: Speech, Bhubaneswar, India (October 30, 1984), quoted in "Death in the Garden," by William E. Smith, Time (November 12, 1984) http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926929-3,00.html.

“My father was a statesman, I'm a political woman. My father was a saint. I'm not.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Quoted in "Indira's Coup," profile by Oriana Fallaci, The New York Review of Books (September 18, 1975).

“To be liberated, woman must feel free to be herself, not in rivalry to man but in the context of her own capacity and her personality.”

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Indíra Gándhí

"True Liberation Of Women" http://gos.sbc.edu/g/gandhi1.html, speech, inauguration of the All-India Women's Conference Building Complex in New Delhi, India (March 26, 1980). Published in Selected Speeches and Writings of Indira Gandhi, September 1972-March 1977 (New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1984, pp. 417-418).

“All unprejudiced persons objectively surveying the grim events in Bangladesh since March 25 have recognized the revolt of 75 million people, a people who were forced to the conclusion that neither their life, nor their liberty, to say nothing of the possibility of the pursuit of happiness, was available to them.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Referring to the fundamental rights of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" in the United States Declaration of Independence in a letter to Richard Nixon (December 15, 1971). http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/07/03/stories/2005070300090100.htm.

“India wants to avoid a war at all costs but it is not a one-sided affair, you cannot shake hands with a clenched fist.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Press conference, New Delhi (October 19, 1971), quoted in "Indian and Pakistani Armies Confront Each Other Along Borders" by Sydney H. Schanberg, The New York Times (October 20, 1971), page 6C.

“Dacca is now the free capital of a free country.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Address to Parliament announcing the victory of Bangladesh-India Forces over the Pakistan Army, (December 16, 1971) http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/1971/Dec16/index.html.

“India under Indira Gandhi was also probably the arena for more KGB active measures than anywhere else in the world, though their significance appears to have been considerably exaggerated by the Centre, which overestimated its ability to manipulate Indian opinion.”

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Indíra Gándhí

The Mitrokhin Archive

“Suitcases full of banknotes were said to be routinely taken to the Prime Minister’s house. Former Syndicate member S. K. Patil is reported to have said that Mrs Gandhi did not even return the suitcases... The Prime Minister is unlikely to have paid close attention to the dubious origins of some of the funds which went into Congress’s coffers. That was a matter which she left largely to her principal fundraiser, Lalit Narayan Mishra, who – though she doubtless did not realize it – also accepted Soviet money. On at least one occasion a secret gift of 2 million rupees from the Politburo to Congress (R) was personally delivered after midnight by the head of Line PR in New Delhi, Leonid Shebarshin. Another million rupees were given on the same occasion to a newspaper which supported Mrs Gandhi. Short and obese with several chins, Mishra looked the part of the corrupt politician he increasingly became. Indira Gandhi, despite her own frugal lifestyle, depended on the money he collected from a variety of sources to finance Congress (R). So did her son and anointed heir, Sanjay, whose misguided ambition to build an Indian popular car and become India’s Henry Ford depended on government favours.”

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Indíra Gándhí

The Mitrokhin Archive

“The KGB, in Kalugin’s view, was more successful than the CIA, partly because of its skill in exploiting the corruption which became endemic under Indira Gandhi’s regime. As Inder Malhotra noted, though corruption was not new in India: People expected Indira Gandhi’s party, committed to bringing socialism to the country, to be more honest and cleaner than the old undivided Congress. But this turned out to be a vain hope. On the contrary, compared with the amassing of wealth by some of her close associates, the misdeeds of the discarded Syndicate leaders, once looked upon as godfathers of corrupt Congressmen, began to appear trivial.”

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Indíra Gándhí

The Mitrokhin Archive

“Indira is India and India is Indira.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Sidhartha Shankar Ray in: SACRIFICIAL GOATS SCAPEGOATS and GUINEA PIGs: Misadventures and Misrepresentations http://books.google.com/books?id=2HiRtyt2iWEC&pg=PA79, AuthorHouse, 2007, p. 79
Her ardent follower coined this sentence during Emergency.

“The question before us is not whether Indira Gandhi should continue to be prime minister or not. The point is whether democracy in this country is to survive or not. The democratic structure stands on three pillars, namely a strong opposition, independent judiciary and free press. Emergency has destroyed all these essentials.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Sant Harcharan Singh Longowal in: Transforming India http://books.google.com/books?id=reiwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28, Harvard University Press, 16 September 2013, p. 28.

“In the end, Indira Gandhi has earned her name as a great martyr on the doorsteps of history. With her courage and efficiency, she demonstrated that only she understood the realities of our corrupt and divided society and was capable of uniting the country dominated by rotten politics. She was a great woman and in her valiant death, she has become greater.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Nanaji Deshmukh, Quoted in Friends Of Saffron https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/friends-of-saffron/205424 Outlook Magazine, 27 April 1998

“Happiness is such a fleeting point of view—there’s no such thing as continual happiness. There are only moments of happiness—from contentment to ecstasy. And if by happiness you mean ecstasy … Yes, I’ve known ecstasy, and it’s a blessing to be able to say it because those who can say it are very few. But ecstasy doesn’t last long and is seldom ever repeated. If by happiness you mean an ordinary contentment, then yes—I’m fairly contented. Not satisfied—contented. Satisfied is a word I use only in reference to my country, and I’ll never be satisfied for my country. For this reason I go on taking difficult paths, and between a paved road and a footpath that goes up the mountain, I choose the footpath. To the great irrita­tion of my bodyguards.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

“Yes, it’s true. It’s true that Joan of Arc was my dream as a little girl. I discovered her toward the age of ten or twelve, when I went to France. I don’t remember where I read about her, but I recall that she immediately took on a definite importance for me. I wanted to sacrifice my life for my country. It seems like foolishness and yet … what happens when we’re children is engraved forever in our lives.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

“In India, women have never been in hostile competition with men-even in the most distant past, every time a woman emerged as a leader, perhaps as a queen, the people accepted her. As something normal and not exceptional. Let’s not forget that in India the symbol of strength is a woman; the goddess Shakti. Not only that—the struggle for inde­ pendence here has been conducted in equal measure by men and by women. And when we got our independence, no one forgot that. In the Western world, on the other hand, nothing of the kind has ever happened—women have participated, yes, but revolutions have always been made by men alone.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

“I’m not for nationalization because of the rhetoric of nationalization, or because I see in nationalization the cure-all for every injustice. I’m for nationalization in cases where it’s necessary.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

“Look, I don’t see the world as something divided between right and left. And I don’t at all care who’s on the right or left or in the center. Even though we use them, even though I use them myself, these expressions have lost all meaning. I’m not interested in one label or the other—I’m only interested in solving certain problems, in getting where I want to go. I have certain objectives.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

“As for the position they held in this war … well, I think they’ve been more skillful than the Americans. Certainly they’ve had a lighter touch—had they wanted to, they could have done more for Pakistan. Isn’t that so? It was the Americans who sent the Seventh Fleet into the Bay of Bengal, not the Chinese.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

“However, I had recently had the impression they were chang­ing—not so much by becoming less pro-Pakistan as by becoming less anti-India. I was wrong. My visit to Nixon did anything but avert the war. It was useful only to me. The experience taught me that when people do something against you, that something always turns out in your favor. At least you can use it to your advantage. It’s a law of life—check it and you’ll see it holds true in every situation of life. … And do you know why I won this war? Because my army was able to do it, yes, but also because the Americans were on the side of Pakistan.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

“I made the trip knowing I was like the child putting his finger into the hole in the dike. And there are things that … I don’t know … one can’t … oh, why not! The truth is that I spoke clearly to Mr. Nixon. And I told him what I had already told Mr. Heath, Mr. Pompidou, Mr. Brandt. I told him without mincing words that we couldn’t go on with ten million refugees on our backs, we couldn’t tolerate the fuse of such and explosive situation any longer. Well, Mr. Heath, Mr. Pompidou, and Mr. Brandt had understood very well. But not Mr. Nixon. The fact is that when the others understand one thing, Mr. Nixon understands another. I suspected he was very pro-Pakistan. Or rather I knew that the Americans had always been in favor of Pakistan—not so much because they were in favor of Pakistan, but because they were against India.”

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Indíra Gándhí

Oriana Fallaci. Interview with Indira Gandhi in New Delhi, February 1972

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