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Frases de Leonid Brézhnev

Leonid Ilich Brézhnev ; fue el secretario general del Comité Central del Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética , que presidió el país desde 1964 hasta su muerte en 1982. Su mandato de dieciocho años como secretario general fue uno de los más largos, solo superado por el de Iósif Stalin. Durante el Gobierno de Brézhnev, la influencia global de la Unión Soviética creció considerablemente, en parte debido a la expansión militar que tuvo el país durante este período, pero su desempeño como líder a menudo ha sido criticado por marcar el comienzo de un período de estancamiento económico conocido como estancamiento brezhneviano, que condujo a graves problemas económicos que finalmente llevaron a la disolución de la Unión Soviética en 1991.

Brézhnev nació en Kámenskoye en una familia de obreros rusos. Después de graduarse en el Instituto Metalúrgico de Dnieprodzerzhinsk, se convirtió en ingeniero metalúrgico en la industria del hierro y acero, en Ucrania. En 1923 ingresó al Komsomol y en 1929, se convirtió en miembro del Partido Comunista, jugando un papel activo en los asuntos del mismo. Fue reclutado para realizar el servicio militar de inmediato durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial; dejó el ejército en 1946 con el rango de mayor general. En 1952 Brézhnev se convirtió en miembro del Comité Central, y en 1964, sucedió a Nikita Jrushchov como primer secretario; Alekséi Kosygin sucedió a Jrushchov en su puesto de Presidente del Consejo de Ministros.

Como líder, Brézhnev trabajó en equipo y buscó consultar a sus colegas antes de actuar, pero su intento de gobernar sin reformas económicas significativas llevaron a un declive nacional a mediados de la década de 1970, un período conocido como la era de estancamiento. El aumento significativo en los gastos militares que durante el momento de su muerte se situaron, según el bloque capitalista, en aproximadamente el 15% del PIB del país y un liderazgo cada vez más anciano e ineficaz sentaron las bases para un PIB decreciente en comparación con las naciones occidentales. Al frente de la URSS, Brézhnev impulsó la distensión entre los países de Oriente y Occidente. Su última decisión importante en el poder fue enviar al Ejército Soviético a Afganistán en un intento de salvar al frágil Gobierno que luchaba contra los muyahidines.

Brézhnev falleció el 10 de noviembre de 1982 y su puesto de secretario general fue sucedido por Yuri Andrópov. Brézhnev promovió el culto a la personalidad, aunque no al mismo nivel visto bajo el gobierno de Stalin. Mijaíl Gorbachov, quien dirigió a la URSS desde 1985 a 1991, denunció su legado y condujo el proceso de liberalización de la Unión Soviética. Wikipedia  

✵ 19. diciembre 1906 – 10. noviembre 1982
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Leonid Brézhnev: 33   frases 0   Me gusta

Leonid Brézhnev Frases y Citas

“Cada Partido Comunista es libre de aplicar los principios básicos del marxismo, el leninismo y el socialismo en su país, pero no puede apartarse de estos principios (asumiendo, naturalmente, que sigue siendo un Partido Comunista).”

Leonid Brézhnev

En inglés, idioma del que traduje:
** «Each Communist Party is free to apply the basic principles of Marxism, Leninism and of socialism in its country, but it cannot depart from these principles (assuming, naturally, that it remains a Communist Party)».
Fuente: Discurso pronunciado después de la invasión de Checoeslovaquia el 15 de julio de 1968. http://www.beersandpolitics.com/discursos/leonid-brezhnev/brezhnev-doctrine/896

País , De libros

Leonid Brézhnev: Frases en inglés

“I shall add that only he who has decided to commit suicide can start a nuclear war in the hope of emerging a victor from it. No matter what the attacker might possess, no matter what method of unleashing nuclear war he chooses, he will not attain his aims. Retribution will inevitably ensue.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Soviet Strategy and the New Military Thinking (1992) by Derek Leebaert and Timothy Dickinson, p. 68

“Our aim is to gain control of the two great treasure houses on which the West depends: The energy treasure house of the Persian Gulf and the minerals treasure house of Central and Southern Africa.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Reported as false in Paul F. Boller, Jr., and John George, They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, & Misleading Attributions (1989), p. 9-10. Falsely attributed to Brezhnev as having been said in a secret Warsaw Pact meeting in either 1968 or 1973.
Misattributed

“Modern production sets rapidly rising demands not only on machines, on technology, but also and primarily on the workers, on those who create these machines and control this technology. For ever larger segments of workers specialised knowledge and a high degree of professional training, man’s general cultural standard, are becoming an obligatory condition of successful work.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Soviet Youth and Socialism http://leninist.biz/en/1974/SYAS228/3.1-Youth.and.Culture

“Of late, attempts have been made in the USA — at a high level and in a rather cynical form — to play the "Chinese card" against the USSR. This is a shortsighted and dangerous policy.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Peace, Détente, and Soviet-American Relations : A Collection of Public Statements (1979), p. 222

“Today progress is so swift in all fields that the education received by young people is only a foundation that requires the constant acquisition of knowledge.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Soviet Youth and Socialism http://leninist.biz/en/1974/SYAS228/3.1-Youth.and.Culture

“It stands to the Party’s credit that millions upon millions of Soviet men of every nation and nationality have adopted internationalism—once the ideal of a handful of Communists—as their deep conviction and standard of behaviour. This was a true revolution in social thinking, and one which it is hard to overestimate.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Fundamentals of Political Science http://leninist.biz/en/1975/FPS559/3.1-The.Dawn.of.a.New.Era-

“December 30, 1922, is a truly historic date in the life of our state, an important milestone in the life of all the Soviet peoples, their great festival.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Fundamentals of Political Science http://leninist.biz/en/1975/FPS559/3.1-The.Dawn.of.a.New.Era-

“We Communists have got to string along with the capitalists for a while. We need their agriculture and their technology. But we are going to continue massive military programs... (soon) we will be in a position to return to a much more aggressive foreign policy designed to gain the upper-hand...”

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Leonid Brezhnev

as quoted in Kissinger: The Secret Side of the Secretary of State (1976) by Gary Allen

“We stand for the dismantling of foreign military bases. We stand for a reduction of armed forces and armaments in areas where military confrontation is especially dangerous, above all in central Europe.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Voices of Tomorrow : The 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1971) by Jessica Smith, p. 30

“Communists have always viewed the national question through the prism of the class struggle, believing that its solution has to be subordinated to the interests of the Revolution, to the interests of socialism. That is why Communists and all fighters for socialism believe that the main aspect of the national question is unification of the working people, regardless of their national origin, in the common struggle against every type of oppression, and for a new social system which rules out exploitation of the working people.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Nations and Internationalism http://leninist.biz/en/1979/NI302/0-Introduction.005

“Under the dictatorship of the proletariat, revisionists and opportunists reflect the pressure of nonproletarian, bourgeois and petty-bourgeois strata, the pressure that results from the force of habit, from the views and vestiges of the past, particularly those that are nationalistic.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Socialist Internationalism: Theory and Practice of International Relations of A New Type http://leninist.biz/en/1982/SI507/4.2-Nationalism.in.the.Socialist.Countries

“We are entirely for the idea that Europe shall be free from nuclear weapons, from medium-range weapons as well as tactical weapons. That would be a real zero option.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Nuclear War: The Search for Solutions (1985) by Leonard V. Johnson, Helen Caldicott, Thomas L. Perry and Dianne DeMille

“When external and internal forces hostile to the development of socialism try to turn the development of a given socialist country in the direction of the restoration of the capitalist system, when a threat arises to the cause of socialism in that country … this is no longer merely a problem for that country's people, but a common problem, the concern of all socialist countries.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Speech at the 5th Congress of the Polish United Workers Party (12 November 1968), quoted in The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine in Soviet Foreign Policy (2003) by Matthew J. Ouimet

“One of our primary tasks is to foster in people a desire to attain lofty social goals, to foster in them ideological conviction and a truly creative attitude to work. This is a very important area of struggle for communism, and the economic as well as the socio-political development of the country will be increasingly dependent on our successes in this area.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Triumph of Lenin's Ideas http://leninist.biz/en/1978/TOLI198/01-Opening.Remarks

“Our Party supports and will continue to support peoples fighting for their freedom. In so doing, the Soviet Union does not look for advantages, does not hunt for concessions, does not seek political domination and is not after military bases. We act as we are bid by our revolutionary conscience, our communist convictions.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Ussr: For Peace Against Aggression http://leninist.biz/en/1976/UFPAA243/5.1-Against.Spread.of.Fascist.Aggression

“Our militant union with peoples which still have to carry on an armed struggle against the colonialists constitutes an important element of our line in international affairs.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Ussr and Countries of Africa http://leninist.biz/en/1980/UCOA319/01.5.1-Struggle.of.Former.Portuguese.Colonies

“The rout of fascism, in which the Soviet Union played the decisive role, generated a mighty tide of socio-political changes which swept across the globe.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Selected Speeches and Writings (1980) edited by Mikhail Andreevich Suslov

“The trouble with free elections is, you never know who is going to win.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

This was quoted as an anonymous saying heard in Moscow around the time of the first Russian elections, in Voltaire, Goldberg & Others : A Compendium of the Witty, the Profound and the Absurd (2000), p. 201; it was later attributed to Brezhnev in Brewer's Famous Quotations: 5000 Quotations and the Stories Behind Them (2006) by Nigel Rees, p. 441, but without citations, and it is clearly derived from a statement widely attributed to Vyacheslav Molotov as early as the 1954 Berlin Conference, according to an eyewitness writing in International Affairs Vol. 36 (1960), p. 4 : "The trouble with free elections is that you never know how they are going to to turn out."
Misattributed

“We bow our heads in respect for those Soviet women who displayed exceptional courage in the severe time of war. Never before but during the days of the war the grandeur of spirit and the invincible will of our Soviet women, their selfless dedication, loyalty and affection to their Homeland, their boundless persistence in work and their heroism on the front manifested themselves with such strength.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in V karǐni zdiǐsnenoǐ mriǐ (1979) by IE IU Kastelli, p. 54

“As you know, I am not a writer but a Party functionary. But like every Communist I consider myself to have been mobilized by Party propaganda and deem it my duty to participate actively in the work of our press.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Reprints from the Soviet Press (1977), p. 5

“Soviet people are better off materially and richer spiritually.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Our Friends Speak : Greetings to the 25th CPSU Congress (1976), p. 268

“We want the world socialist system to be a well-knit family of nations, building and defending the new society together, and mutually enriching each other with experience and knowledge, a family, strong and united, which the people of the world would regard as the prototype of the future world community of free nations.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in the Future of Society http://leninist.biz/en/1973/FS375/5.3-Main.Historical.Stages.of.the.Communist.Formation

“Every man must be made to realize that further retreat is impossible. He must realize with his mind and heart that this is a matter of life and death of the Soviet state, of the life and death of the people of our country…the Nazi troops must be stopped now, before it is too late.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Statement made in World War II, as a commissar on the southern front, as quoted in Leonid I. Brezhnev : Pages from his Life (1978) by Academy of Sciences of the USSR, p. 49; also in For the Soul of Mankind : The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War (2007) by Melvyn P. Leffler, p. 237

“The most important thing in my life, its leitmotif, has been the constant and close contacts with working people, with workers and peasants.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Sputnik : Digest (1967), p. 48

“In the present epoch, when the international class struggle has grown extremely acute, the danger of Right and ‘Left’ deviations and of nationalism in the communist movement has grown more tangible than ever before. The struggle against Right- and ‘Left’-wing opportunism and nationalism cannot therefore be conducted as a campaign calculated for only some definite span of time. The denunciation of opportunism of all kinds was and remains an immutable law for all Marxist-Leninist Parties.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in The WOrld Communist Movement http://leninist.biz/en/1973/WCM485/10.4-Kinship.Between.Right.and.Left-Wing.Opportunism

“The substance of socialist democracy lies in efficient socialist organisation of all society for the sake of every individual, and in the socialist discipline of every individual for the sake of all society.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Soviet Socialist Democracy http://leninist.biz/en/1968/SSD255/4.6-The.Main.Duties.of.Soviet.Citizens

“The defeat of Nazi Germany signified the victory of progress over reaction, humanity over barbarism and the victory of socialism over imperialist obscurantism. This victory opened the road for advancing the revolutionary struggle of the working class, a national liberation movement on an unprecedented scale and the destruction of the shameful colonial system.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in Behind the Scenes of Third Reich Diplomacy http://leninist.biz/en/1984/BSTRD194/8-Conclusion

“It is madness for any country to build its policy with an eye to nuclear war.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Indefensible Weapons : The Political and Psychological Case Against Nuclearism (1992) by Robert Jay Lifton and Richard A. Falk, p. 224

“Successes in socialist construction largely depend on the correct combination of the general and the nationally specific in social development. Not only are we now theoretically aware but also have been convinced in practice that the way to socialism and its main features are determined by the general regularities, which are inherent in the development of all the socialist countries. We are also aware that the effect of the general regularities is manifested in different forms consistent with concrete historical conditions and national specifics. It is impossible to build socialism without basing oneself on general regularities or taking account of the concrete historical specifics of each country. Nor is it possible without a consideration of both these factors correctly to develop relations between the socialist states.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

Cited in the Future of Society http://leninist.biz/en/1973/FS375/5.3-Main.Historical.Stages.of.the.Communist.Formation

“Modern science and technology have reached a level where there is the grave danger that a weapon even more terrible than nuclear weapons may be developed. The reason and conscience of mankind dictate the need to erect an insuperable barrier barrier to the development of such a weapon.”

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Leonid Brezhnev

As quoted in Nuclear Disarmament (1979) by Aleksandr Efremovich Efremov

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