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Frases de Paul Krugman
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Paul Robin Krugman es un economista estadounidense, es profesor de Economía y Asuntos Internacionales en la Universidad de Princeton, profesor centenario en Escuela de Economía y Ciencia Política de Londres, académico distinguido de la unidad de estudios de ingresos Luxembourg en el Centro de Graduados de CUNY, y columnista op-ed del periódico New York Times. En 2008 fue galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Economía por sus contribuciones a la Nueva Teoría del Comercio y la Nueva Geografía Económica. Según el Comité que otorga el galardón, el premio fue entregado por el trabajo en donde Krugman explica los patrones del comercio internacional y la concentración geográfica de la riqueza, mediante el examen de los efectos de las economías de escala y de preferencias de los consumidores de bienes y servicios diversos.

Ha sido un fuerte crítico de la doctrina neoliberal y del monetarismo y en su momento fue un opositor de las políticas económicas de la administración de George W. Bush.

Ha escrito más de 200 artículos y 21 libros -alguno de ellos académicos, y otros de divulgación-. Su Economía Internacional: La teoría y política es un libro de texto estándar en la economía internacional. También ha escrito más de 750 columnas sobre temas económicos y políticos para The New York Times, Fortune y Slate.

Como comentarista, Krugman ha escrito sobre una amplia gama de asuntos económicos, incluyendo la distribución del ingreso, la economía fiscal, la macroeconomía y economía internacional. Krugman se considera a sí mismo un liberal, llamando a uno de sus libros y su blog en The New York Times, "La conciencia de un Liberal". Sus ideales han atraído considerable atención, tanto positivos como negativos.

En 1991 la American Economic Association le concedió la medalla John Bates Clark. Ganó el Premio Príncipe de Asturias de Ciencias Sociales en el año 2004 y el Premio Nobel de Economía en 2008.

✵ 28. febrero 1953   •   Otros nombres Paul Robin Krugman
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Frases célebres de Paul Krugman

“¿Tendremos la fuerza de voluntad necesaria para llevar a cabo una reforma seria del sistema financiero? Si no, la crisis actual no será algo puntual, sino el patrón que seguirán los acontecimientos venideros.”

Paul Krugman

“Pero el precedente de California sigue inquietándome. ¿Quién iba a decir que el Estado más grande de EE UU, un Estado cuya economía es más grande que la de la mayoría de los países, a excepción de unos cuantos, podría convertirse tan fácilmente en una república bananera?”

Paul Krugman

Fuente: Diario 'El País', 'Estado de parálisis', 31 de mayo de 2009.

“En los comienzos de la crisis financiera, los bromistas decían que nuestras relaciones con China habían resultado ser justas y equilibradas después de todo: ellos nos vendían juguetes envenenados y pescado contaminado, y nosotros les vendíamos valores fraudulentos.”

Paul Krugman

Fuente: Diario 'El País', 5 de abril de 2009.

“Parece ser que los niveles educativos, medidos por las calificaciones obtenidas en los exámenes, comenzaron a descender gradualmente a finales de los sesenta, descenso que ha proseguido hasta hoy […] Muchos dicen, por ejemplo, que los criterios de admisión, incluso en las universidades de elite, se han rebajado considerablemente; se piensa que un tercio de las personas que entran en la Universidad de Harvard no habría sido admitida hace veinte años.”

Paul Krugman

Fuente: (Vendiendo prosperidad, 1994), Editorial Ariel, S. A..

“Si descubriéramos que unos alienígenas del espacio estuvieran planeando en atacarnos y tuviéramos que realizar un montaje masivo para defendernos de esa amenaza de manera que la inflación y el presupuesto pasaran a segundo plano, esta crisis se acabaría en 18 meses… Hay un episodio en Twilight Zone en el que científicos fingen una invasión alienígena para lograr la paz mundial. Bien, esta vez no la necesitamos, para lo que la necesitamos es para obtener algo de estímulo fiscal.”

Paul Krugman

Fuente: 'CNN', '"Fareed Zakaria GPS", 21 de agosto de 2011.

“Para combatir la recesión es necesario que la Fed responda con contundencia; hay que incrementar el gasto familiar para compensar la languideciente inversión empresarial. Y para hacerlo Alan Greenspan tiene que crear una burbuja inmobiliaria, con la que reemplazar la burbuja del Nasdaq.”

Paul Krugman

Fuente: Diario 'The New York Times', 'Dubya's Double Dip?', 2 de agosto de 2002.

Paul Krugman: Frases en inglés

“In this book I try to show how models of self-organization can be applied to many economic phenomena - how the principle of "order from instability," which explains the growth of hurricanes and embryos, can also explain the formation of cities and business cycles; how the principle of "order from random growth" can explain the strangely simple rules that describe the sizes of earth quakes, meteorites, and metropolitan areas. I believe that the ideas of self-organization theory can add substantially to our understanding of the economy; whatever their ultimate usefulness, these ideas are very exciting, and playing around with them is tremendous fun.”

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Paul Krugman

Preface
The Self-Organizing Economy (1996)

“The idea of comparative advantage—with its implication that trade between two nations normally raises the real incomes of both—is, like evolution via natural selection, a concept that seems simple and compelling to those who understand it. Yet anyone who becomes involved in discussions of international trade beyond the narrow circle of academic economists quickly realizes that it must be, in some sense, a very difficult concept indeed.”

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Paul Krugman

"Ricardo's Difficult Idea," in G. Cook (ed.), Freedom and Trade: The Economics and Politics of International Trade, Volume 2 (1998)

“Will the tax cut destroy America’s prosperity? Probably not. As Adam Smith observed, there’s a deal of ruin in a nation. We have a huge, resilient economy that can survive and recover from even quite bad government policies.
Yet while the tax cut may not be a matter of economic life or death, it is a very serious issue. For one thing, like it or not, the tax cut has become the central political issue in the United States right now. Conservatives who want to reshape America view passage of a large tax cut as a first step toward realizing their vision. For that reason, those who do not share this vision feel, rightly, that they must oppose the plan.”

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Paul Krugman

Introduction
Fuzzy Math: The Essential Guide to the Bush Tax Plan (2001)

“The hangover theory, then, turns out to be intellectually incoherent; nobody has managed to explain why bad investments in the past require the unemployment of good workers in the present. Yet the theory has powerful emotional appeal. Usually that appeal is strongest for conservatives, who can't stand the thought that positive action by governments (let alone—horrors!—printing money) can ever be a good idea. Some libertarians extol the Austrian theory, not because they have really thought that theory through, but because they feel the need for some prestigious alternative to the perceived statist implications of Keynesianism. And some people probably are attracted to Austrianism because they imagine that it devalues the intellectual pretensions of economics professors. But moderates and liberals are not immune to the theory's seductive charms—especially when it gives them a chance to lecture others on their failings.”

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Paul Krugman

"The Hangover Theory", Slate (Dec. 4, 1998)

“The history of economic geography of the study of the location of economic activity is more like the story of geological thought about the shapes and location of continents and mountain ranges.”

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Paul Krugman

Development, Geography, and Economic Theory (1995), Ch. 2. Geography Lost and Found

“To make a harsh but not entirely unjustified analogy, a government wedded to the ideology of competitiveness is as unlikely to make good economic policy as a government committed to creationism is to make good science policy, even in areas that have no direct relationship to the theory of evolution.”

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Paul Krugman

Pop Internationalism (1996), Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession (1994)

“Whose fault is the replacement of serious discussion of world trade by what I have come to think of as "pop internationalism"? To some extent, of course, it is the result of basic human instincts: intellectual laziness, even among those who would be seen as wise and deep, will always be a powerful force. To some extent it also reflects the decline in the influence of economists in general: the high prestige of the profession a generation ago had much to do with the presumed effectiveness of Keynesian macroeconomic policies, and has suffered greatly as macroeconomics has dissolved into squabbling factions. And one should not ignore the role of editors, who often prefer what pop internationalists have to say to the disturbingly difficult ideas of people who know how to read national accounts or understand that the trade balance is also the difference between savings and investment. Indeed, some important editors, like James Fallows at The Atlantic or Robert Kuttner at The American Prospect are pop internationalists themselves; they deliberately use their magazines as platforms for what amounts to an anti-intellectual crusade.”

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Paul Krugman

Introduction of Pop Internationalism (1996)
Pop Internationalism (1996)

“What does Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez know about tax policy? A lot.”

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Paul Krugman

5 January 2019, New York Times
The Conscience of a Liberal blog

“Piketty ends Capital in the Twenty-First Century with a call to arms — a call, in particular, for wealth taxes, global if possible, to restrain the growing power of inherited wealth. It’s easy to be cynical about the prospects for anything of the kind. But surely Piketty’s masterly diagnosis of where we are and where we’re heading makes such a thing considerably more likely. So Capital in the Twenty-First Century is an extremely important book on all fronts. Piketty has transformed our economic discourse; we’ll never talk about wealth and inequality the same way we used to.”

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Paul Krugman

"Why We’re in a New Gilded Age", The New York Review of Books (May 8, 2014)
The New York Review of Books articles

“Nonetheless, William Barr — again, the nation’s chief law enforcement officer, responsible for defending the Constitution — is sounding remarkably like America’s most unhinged religious zealots, the kind of people who insist that we keep experiencing mass murder because schools teach the theory of evolution. Guns don’t kill people — Darwin kills people!”

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Paul Krugman

God Is Now Trump’s Co-Conspirator https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/14/opinion/trump-william-barr-speech.html (October 14, 2019)
The New York Times Columns

“With great wealth comes great pettiness.”

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Paul Krugman

Warren Versus the Petty Plutocrats https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/30/opinion/elizabeth-warren-wealth-tax.html (September 30, 2019)
The New York Times Columns

“Now I’m not saying that Keynes was right about everything, that we should treat The General Theory as a sort of secular bible - the way that Marxists treat Das Kapital.”

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Paul Krugman

But the essential truth of Keynes’s big idea - that even the most productive economy can fail if consumers and investors spend too little, that the pursuit of sound money and balanced budgets is sometimes (not always!) folly rather than wisdom - is as evident in today’s world as it was in the 1930s. And in these dangerous days, we ignore or reject that idea at the world economy’s peril.
"Why aren't we all Keynesians yet?", Fortune (Aug. 3, 1998)

“The problem is that there is no alternative to models. We all think in simplified models, all the time. The sophisticated thing to do is not to pretend to stop, but to be self-conscious — to be aware that your models are maps rather than reality.”

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Paul Krugman

Fuente: Development, Geography, and Economic Theory (1995), Ch. 3. Models and Metaphors

“Homo economicus is an implausible caricature, but a highly productive one, and no useful alternative has yet been found.”

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Paul Krugman

Fuente: Development, Geography, and Economic Theory (1995), Ch. 3. Models and Metaphors

“By 1980, the work of Feldstein, Boskin, Summers, and others had convinced many economists that U.S. taxes were in fact a significant obstacle to investment. Nor was this all: another major U.S. policy, the Social Security system, was also discouraging saving and investment.”

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Paul Krugman libro Peddling Prosperity

Fuente: Peddling Prosperity (1994), Ch. 2 : Taxes, Regulation, and Growth

“The way to deal with China would have been a broad coalition of countries that play by the rules. Instead, we've conveyed the message that big countries don't need no rules. And China is a very big country.”

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Paul Krugman

comment on Trump Is Abusing His Tariff Power, Too https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/23/opinion/trump-auto-tariff.html#commentsContainer (January 23, 2020)
The New York Times Columns

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