Frases de Arnold J. Toynbee

Arnold Joseph Toynbee, CH fue un historiador británico.

Especialista en filosofía de la historia, estableció una teoría cíclica sobre el desarrollo de las civilizaciones. Según Toynbee, las civilizaciones son el resultado de la respuesta de un grupo humano a los desafíos que sufre, ya sean naturales o sociales. De acuerdo con esta teoría, una civilización crece y prospera cuando su respuesta a un desafío no sólo tiene éxito, sino que estimula una nueva serie de desafíos; una civilización decae como resultado de su impotencia para enfrentarse a los desafíos que se le presentan. Dio gran importancia a los factores religiosos en la formulación de las respuestas a los desafíos. Fruto de esta teoría, Toynbee negó el determinismo en la evolución de las civilizaciones, negando que éstas deban perecer finalmente y defendiendo que podía esperarse que la moderna civilización occidental pudiera escapar a la norma general de decadencia de las civilizaciones.

Fue un autor prolífico cuya obra más reconocida e influyente es, sin duda, Estudio de la Historia . En esta obra describe y aplica su concepto de desarrollo de las civilizaciones, al igual que en La civilización puesta a prueba.

✵ 14. abril 1889 – 22. octubre 1975
Arnold J. Toynbee: 25   frases 5   Me gusta

Frases célebres de Arnold J. Toynbee

“El peor castigo para quienes no se interesan en la política, es ser gobernados por quienes si se interesan.”

Fuente: Citado en Etznab, Kenai. Poemas de Utilidad Política 7.3. Editorial Lulu.com. ISBN 9780557138807.

“La civilización es un movimiento y no una condición, un viaje y no un puerto.”

Fuente: Vergara Montero, Enrique. Arqueología y vida: Duccio Bonavia. Editor Institut français d’études andines, 2015.
Fuente: Civilization on trial, 1948.

“No me parece que la teoría darviniana de la evolución haya suministrado un relato positivo de una manera alternativa en que el universo pudiera haber llegado a existir.”

Fuente: Toynbee, Arnold. Artículo en Intellectual Digest, Volumen 2. Editorial Intellectual Communications Systems, Incorporated, 1971.
Fuente: Intellectual Digest, volumen 2, pág. 59 (diciembre de 1971).

“Retener las propias convicciones no es incompatible con abandonar una actitud tradicional de rivalidad y hostilidad hacia las personas cuyas convicciones difieren de las nuestras.”

Fuente: Christianity among the Religions of the World pág. 82 (1958).
Fuente: El cristianismo entre las religiones del mundo (1960).

“Si Dios amaba a la humanidad, [sería improbable] que no hubiera enviado igualmente otras revelaciones a otros pueblos.”

Fuente: Christianity among the Religions of the World pág. 96 (1958).
Fuente: El cristianismo entre las religiones del mundo (1960).

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Arnold J. Toynbee: Frases en inglés

“Of the twenty or so civilizations known to modern Western historians, all except our own appear to be dead or moribund, and, when we diagnose each case, in extremis or post mortem, we invariably find that the cause of death has been either War or Class or some combination of the two.”

Civilization on Trial (1948), chapter 2, p. 23.
Contexto: Of the twenty or so civilizations known to modern Western historians, all except our own appear to be dead or moribund, and, when we diagnose each case, in extremis or post mortem, we invariably find that the cause of death has been either War or Class or some combination of the two. To date, these two plagues have been deadly enough, in partnership, to kill off nineteen out of twenty representatives of this recently evolved species of human society; but, up to now, the deadliness of these scourges has had a saving limit.

“The local national state, invested with the attributes of sovereignty — is an abomination of desolation standing in the place where it ought not. It has stood in that place now — demanding and receiving human sacrifices from its poor deluded votaries — for four or five centuries.”

The Trend of International Affairs Since the War (1931)
Contexto: If we are frank with ourselves, we shall admit that we are engaged on a deliberate and sustained and concentrated effort to impose limitations upon the sovereignty and independence of the fifty or sixty local sovereign independent States which at present partition the habitable surface of the earth and divide the political allegiance of mankind.
It is just because we are really attacking the principle of local sovereignty that we keep on protesting our loyalty to it so loudly. The harder we press our attack upon the idol, the more pains we take to keep its priests and devotees in a fool’s paradise—lapped in a false sense of security which will inhibit them from taking up arms in their idol’s defense. The local national state, invested with the attributes of sovereignty — is an abomination of desolation standing in the place where it ought not. It has stood in that place now — demanding and receiving human sacrifices from its poor deluded votaries — for four or five centuries. Our political task in our generation is to cast the abomination out, to cleanse the temple and to restore the worship of the divinity to whom the temple rightfully belongs. In plain terms, we have to re-transfer the prestige and the prerogatives of sovereignty from the fifty or sixty fragments of contemporary society to the whole of contemporary society — from the local national states by which sovereignty has been usurped, with disastrous consequences, for half a millennium, to some institution embodying our society as a whole.
In the world as it is today, this institution can hardly be a universal Church. It is more likely to be something like a League of Nations. I will not prophesy. I will merely repeat that we are at present working, discreetly but with all our might, to wrest this mysterious political force called sovereignty out of the clutches of the local national states of our world. And all the time we are denying with our lips what we are doing with our hands...

“… the dogma that History is just "one damned thing after another…."”

"Law and Freedom in History," <i>A Study of History</i>, Vol. 2 (1957). The embedded quotation is attributable to Elbert Hubbard.

“The supreme accomplishment is to blur the line between work and play.”

Statement of 1964, as quoted in Mindfulness edited by Ellen J. Langer, p. 133; also in Social Creativity Vol. 2 (1999) edited by Alfonso Montuori and Ronald E. Purser.

“Civilization is a movement and not a condition, a voyage and not a harbor.”

As quoted in Reader's Digest (October 1958).
Variation: Civilization is a movement, not a condition. It is a voyage, not a harbor.
As quoted in The Social Welfare Forum (1968) by the National Conference on Social Welfare.

“There is no such thing as gratitude in international politics.”

Arnold J. Toynbee libro A Study of History

A Study of History (1934–1961)

“The coming of Buddhism to the West may well prove to be the most important event of the Twentieth Century.”

Lama Surya Das, Awakening the Buddha Within, Broadway Books, NY, 1997.

“Man’s true end is to glorify God and to enjoy Him for ever.”

The source of this quotation (with "chief" in place of "true") is the Westminster Shorter Catechism, http://www.reformed.org/documents/wsc/index.html?_top=http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC.html.
As quoted in Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2006768?q=Arnold+Toynbee&p=par

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