Frases de Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot /dəni didʁo/ fue una figura decisiva de la Ilustración como escritor, filósofo y enciclopedista francés.

Reconocido por su empuje intelectual y su erudición, por su espíritu crítico así como su excepcional genio, marcó hitos en la historia de cada uno de los campos en los que participó: sentó las bases del drama burgués en teatro, revolucionó la novela con Jacques le fataliste o La religiosa y el diálogo con La paradoja del comediante, y, por otra parte, creó la crítica a través de sus salones. En conjunto con Jean-Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert alentó, supervisó la redacción, editó y compiló una de las obras culturales más importantes de la centuria: la Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, obra magna compuesta por 72 000 artículos, de los cuales unos 6000 fueron aportados por el propio Diderot.

En filosofía, su obra solo en apariencia sería lateral, pues fue citado muy a menudo por Ernst Cassirer en un texto clave, La filosofía de la Ilustración, por su innovación en muchos campos; así sucede en la nueva ciencia de la vida que él presagia desde la mitad de su existencia. De hecho anuncia en su Pensées sur l'interprétation de la nature , libro que se abre con esta ironía:







En el centro del pensamiento de Diderot estaba el conflicto —y esto puede ser válido también para otros pensadores del siglo XVIII— entre la razón y la sensibilidad: sens et sensibilité. Para Diderot, la razón se caracterizaba por la búsqueda de conocimientos con fundamento científico y por la verificabilidad de los hechos observados empíricamente, pero sin quedarse estancados en la evaluación meramente cuantitativa de la realidad a través de enunciados matemáticos. Entre los años 1754 y 1765 desarrolló su «teoría de la sensibilidad universal» .

Para Denis Diderot, las ciencias naturales no se distinguirían por buscar un porqué, sino por encontrar soluciones a través de responder al cómo.

En el transcurso de su vida como intelectual, Diderot se dedicó a los más distintos ámbitos de la ciencia; sus intereses abarcaron áreas de la química, de la física, de las matemáticas, así como también, y sobre todo, de la historia natural, la anatomía y la medicina. Por todo ello, Diderot formó parte del espíritu intelectual del siglo XVIII, manteniéndose al tanto y participando activamente de las principales discusiones y formación de teorías en su época.

En cuanto a su posición filosófica, mantuvo una postura materialista no dogmática, actitud especialmente evidente en sus obras posteriores. Aunque Denis Diderot no era un filósofo dedicado a los problemas teóricos fundamentales[1]​ ni a las reflexiones analíticas sistematizadoras, se le cuenta, sin embargo, entre los autores filosóficos más polifacéticos e innovadores del siglo XVIII.

Debido a sus ideas y publicaciones ilustradas frente al ideario colectivo del Antiguo Régimen, Denis Diderot y sus compañeros de ruta se vieron con frecuencia expuestos a una actitud represiva de parte del poder público. Su experiencia a raíz de su detención en 1749 le llevó a estar vigilante frente a nuevas represiones por parte de las diversas agencias de la censura, aunque algunas personas pertenecientes a los círculos influyentes y dominantes, como p. ej. Mme de Pompadour, la querida de Luis XV, así como también algunos ministros, pero ante todo el jefe de la censura, Censure royale Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, clandestinamente le apoyaban a él y a los enciclopedistas.

Por lo anterior, los círculos interesados de su época, que le conocieron exclusivamente por sus publicaciones, solo tuvieron acceso a una reducida selección de sus ensayos, novelas, obras de teatro y principalmente artículos escritos para la Encyclopédie. Wikipedia  

✵ 5. octubre 1713 – 31. julio 1784
Denis Diderot Foto

Obras

Jacques el fatalista
Jacques el fatalista
Denis Diderot
Denis Diderot: 137   frases 59   Me gusta

Frases célebres de Denis Diderot

“El agradecimiento es una carga, y todos tienden a librarse de ella.”

Fuente: [Amate Pou] (2017), p. 110.

“El que te habla de los defectos de los demás, con los demás hablará de los tuyos.”

Fuente: [Amate Pou] (2017), p. 110.
Fuente: [Ortega Blake] (2013), p. 2552.
Fuente: [Señor] (1997), p. 123.

“La ignorancia está más cerca de la verdad que el prejuicio.”

Fuente: [Ortega Blake] (2013), p. 2199.
Fuente: [Señor] (1997), p. 293.

Frases de fe de Denis Diderot

“La indiferencia hace sabios, y la insensibilidad, monstruos.”

Fuente: [Amate Pou] (2017), p. 110.

Frases de vida de Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot Frases y Citas

“Del fanatismo a la barbarie sólo media un paso.”

Fuente: [Palomo Triguero] (1997), p. 128.
Fuente: [Ortega Blake] (2013), p. 1706.
Fuente: [Señor] (1997), p. 258.

“El mártir espera la muerte; el fanático corre a buscarla.”

Fuente: [Amate Pou] (2017), p. 110.
Fuente: [Ortega Blake] (2013), p. 1702.

“El primer paso hacia la filosofía es la incredulidad.”

Fuente: [Señor] (1997), p. 465.

“Es tan arriesgado creerlo todo, como creer nada.”

Fuente: [Amate Pou] (2017), p. 110.

“No basta con hacer el bien: hay que hacerlo bien.”

Fuente: [Señor] (1997), p. 75.

“Todos quieren tener amigos, pero ninguno quiere serlo.”

Fuente: [Ortega Blake] (2013), p. 196.

Esta traducción está esperando su revisión. ¿Es correcto?

“Nacer, vivir y morir es cambiar de formas.”

Fuente: [Amate Pou] (2017), p. 110.

Esta traducción está esperando su revisión. ¿Es correcto?

Denis Diderot: Frases en inglés

“He does not confound it with probability; he takes for true what is true, for false what is false, for doubtful what is doubtful, and probable what is only probable. He does more, and here you have a great perfection of the philosopher: when he has no reason by which to judge, he knows how to live in suspension of judgment…
The philosophical spirit is, then, a spirit of observation and exactness, which relates everything to true principles…”

Article on Philosophy, Vol. 25, p. 667, as quoted in Main Currents of Western Thought : Readings in Western European Intellectual History from the Middle Ages to the Present (1978) by Franklin Le Van Baumer
Variant translation: Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian. Grace moves the Christian to act, reason moves the philosopher. Other men walk in darkness; the philosopher, who has the same passions, acts only after reflection; he walks through the night, but it is preceded by a torch. The philosopher forms his principles on an infinity of particular observations. … He does not confuse truth with plausibility; he takes for truth what is true, for forgery what is false, for doubtful what is doubtful, and probable what is probable. … The philosophical spirit is thus a spirit of observation and accuracy.
L'Encyclopédie (1751-1766)
Contexto: Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian.
Grace causes the Christian to act, reason the philosopher. Other men are carried away by their passions, their actions not being preceded by reflection: these are the men who walk in darkness. On the other hand, the philosopher, even in his passions, acts only after reflection; he walks in the dark, but by a torch.
The philosopher forms his principles from an infinity of particular observations. Most people adopt principles without thinking of the observations that have produced them, they believe the maxims exist, so to speak, by themselves. But the philosopher takes maxims from their source; he examines their origin; he knows their proper value, and he makes use of them only in so far as they suit him.
Truth is not for the philosopher a mistress who corrupts his imagination and whom he believes to be found everywhere; he contents himself with being able to unravel it where he can perceive it. He does not confound it with probability; he takes for true what is true, for false what is false, for doubtful what is doubtful, and probable what is only probable. He does more, and here you have a great perfection of the philosopher: when he has no reason by which to judge, he knows how to live in suspension of judgment...
The philosophical spirit is, then, a spirit of observation and exactness, which relates everything to true principles...

“There are three principal means of acquiring knowledge available to us: observation of nature, reflection, and experimentation.”

No. 15
On the Interpretation of Nature (1753)
Contexto: There are three principal means of acquiring knowledge available to us: observation of nature, reflection, and experimentation. Observation collects facts; reflection combines them; experimentation verifies the result of that combination. Our observation of nature must be diligent, our reflection profound, and our experiments exact. We rarely see these three means combined; and for this reason, creative geniuses are not common.

“For me, my thoughts are my prostitutes.”

Fuente: Le neveu de Rameau

“Life is but a series of misunderstandings.”

Denis Diderot libro Jacques el fatalista

Fuente: Jacques the Fatalist

“There's a bit of testicle at the bottom of our most sublime feelings and our purest tenderness.”

Il y a un peu de testicule au fond de nos sentiments les plus sublimes et de notre tendresse la plus épurée.
Letter to Étienne Noël Damilaville (1760-11-03)

“All abstract sciences are nothing but the study of relations between signs.”

Dr. Théophile de Bordeu, in “Conversation Between D’Alembert and Diderot”
D’Alembert’s Dream (1769)

“I discuss with myself questions of politics, love, taste, or philosophy. I let my mind rove wantonly, give it free rein to follow any idea, wise or mad that may present itself. … My ideas are my harlots.”

Denis Diderot libro Rameau's Nephew

Je m’entretiens avec moi-même de politique, d’amour, de goût ou de philosophie ; j’abandonne mon esprit à tout son libertinage ; je le laisse maître de suivre la première idée sage ou folle qui se présente … Mes pensées ce sont mes catins.
Variant translations:
My ideas are my whores.
My thoughts are my trollops.
Rameau's Nephew (1762)

“Good music is very close to primitive language.”

"Correspondence of Ideas with the Motion of Organs"
Elements of Physiology (1875)

“The philosopher forms his principles from an infinity of particular observations.”

Article on Philosophy, Vol. 25, p. 667, as quoted in Main Currents of Western Thought : Readings in Western European Intellectual History from the Middle Ages to the Present (1978) by Franklin Le Van Baumer
Variant translation: Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian. Grace moves the Christian to act, reason moves the philosopher. Other men walk in darkness; the philosopher, who has the same passions, acts only after reflection; he walks through the night, but it is preceded by a torch. The philosopher forms his principles on an infinity of particular observations. … He does not confuse truth with plausibility; he takes for truth what is true, for forgery what is false, for doubtful what is doubtful, and probable what is probable. … The philosophical spirit is thus a spirit of observation and accuracy.
L'Encyclopédie (1751-1766)
Contexto: Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian.
Grace causes the Christian to act, reason the philosopher. Other men are carried away by their passions, their actions not being preceded by reflection: these are the men who walk in darkness. On the other hand, the philosopher, even in his passions, acts only after reflection; he walks in the dark, but by a torch.
The philosopher forms his principles from an infinity of particular observations. Most people adopt principles without thinking of the observations that have produced them, they believe the maxims exist, so to speak, by themselves. But the philosopher takes maxims from their source; he examines their origin; he knows their proper value, and he makes use of them only in so far as they suit him.
Truth is not for the philosopher a mistress who corrupts his imagination and whom he believes to be found everywhere; he contents himself with being able to unravel it where he can perceive it. He does not confound it with probability; he takes for true what is true, for false what is false, for doubtful what is doubtful, and probable what is only probable. He does more, and here you have a great perfection of the philosopher: when he has no reason by which to judge, he knows how to live in suspension of judgment...
The philosophical spirit is, then, a spirit of observation and exactness, which relates everything to true principles...

“Our observation of nature must be diligent, our reflection profound, and our experiments exact. We rarely see these three means combined; and for this reason, creative geniuses are not common.”

No. 15
On the Interpretation of Nature (1753)
Contexto: There are three principal means of acquiring knowledge available to us: observation of nature, reflection, and experimentation. Observation collects facts; reflection combines them; experimentation verifies the result of that combination. Our observation of nature must be diligent, our reflection profound, and our experiments exact. We rarely see these three means combined; and for this reason, creative geniuses are not common.

“What is this world? A complex whole, subject to endless revolutions.”

Dying words of Nicholas Saunderson as portrayed in Lettre sur les aveugles [Letter on the Blind] (1749)
Variant translation:
What is this world of ours? A complex entity subject to sudden changes which all indicate a tendency to destruction; a swift succession of beings which follow one another, assert themselves and disappear; a fleeting symmetry; a momentary order.
Contexto: What is this world? A complex whole, subject to endless revolutions. All these revolutions show a continual tendency to destruction; a swift succession of beings who follow one another, press forward, and vanish; a fleeting symmetry; the order of a moment. I reproached you just now with estimating the perfection of things by your own capacity; and I might accuse you here of measuring its duration by the length of your own days. You judge of the continuous existence of the world, as an ephemeral insect might judge of yours. The world is eternal for you, as you are eternal to the being that lives but for one instant. Yet the insect is the more reasonable of the two. For what a prodigious succession of ephemeral generations attests your eternity! What an immeasurable tradition! Yet shall we all pass away, without the possibility of assigning either the real extension that we filled in space, or the precise time that we shall have endured. Time, matter, space — all, it may be, are no more than a point.

“Time, matter, space — all, it may be, are no more than a point.”

Dying words of Nicholas Saunderson as portrayed in Lettre sur les aveugles [Letter on the Blind] (1749)
Variant translation:
What is this world of ours? A complex entity subject to sudden changes which all indicate a tendency to destruction; a swift succession of beings which follow one another, assert themselves and disappear; a fleeting symmetry; a momentary order.
Contexto: What is this world? A complex whole, subject to endless revolutions. All these revolutions show a continual tendency to destruction; a swift succession of beings who follow one another, press forward, and vanish; a fleeting symmetry; the order of a moment. I reproached you just now with estimating the perfection of things by your own capacity; and I might accuse you here of measuring its duration by the length of your own days. You judge of the continuous existence of the world, as an ephemeral insect might judge of yours. The world is eternal for you, as you are eternal to the being that lives but for one instant. Yet the insect is the more reasonable of the two. For what a prodigious succession of ephemeral generations attests your eternity! What an immeasurable tradition! Yet shall we all pass away, without the possibility of assigning either the real extension that we filled in space, or the precise time that we shall have endured. Time, matter, space — all, it may be, are no more than a point.

“The arbitrary rule of a just and enlightened prince is always bad.”

"Refutation of Helvétius" (written 1773-76, published 1875)
Contexto: The arbitrary rule of a just and enlightened prince is always bad. His virtues are the most dangerous and the surest form of seduction: they lull a people imperceptibly into the habit of loving, respecting, and serving his successor, whoever that successor may be, no matter how wicked or stupid.

“How old the world is! I walk between two eternities…”

Salon of 1767 (1798), Oeuvres esthétiques <!-- p. 644 -->
Contexto: How old the world is! I walk between two eternities... What is my fleeting existence in comparison with that decaying rock, that valley digging its channel ever deeper, that forest that is tottering and those great masses above my head about to fall? I see the marble of tombs crumbling into dust; and yet I don’t want to die!

“Watch out for the fellow who talks about putting things in order! Putting things in order always means getting other people under your control.”

"Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage" (1796)
Variant translation:
Never allow yourselves to forget that it is for their own sakes and not for yours that all those wise lawgivers have forced you into your present unnatural and rigid molds. And as evidence of this, I need only produce all our political, civil, and religious institutions. Examine them thoroughly, and either I am very much mistaken or you will find that mankind has been forced to bow, century after century, beneath a mere handful of scoundrels has conspired, in ever age, to impose upon it. Beware of the man who wants to set things in order. Setting things in order always involves acquiring mastery over others — by tying them hand and foot.
As translated by Derek Coleman, in Diderot's Selected Writings (1966)
Contexto: As for our celebrated lawgivers, who have cast us in our present awkward mold, you may be sure that they have acted to serve their interests and not ours. Witness all our political, civil, and religious institutions — examine them thoroughly: unless I am very much mistaken, you will see how, through the ages, the human race has been broken to the halter that a handful of rascals were itching to impose. Watch out for the fellow who talks about putting things in order! Putting things in order always means getting other people under your control.

“Do you see this egg? With this you can topple every theological theory, every church or temple in the world.”

“Conversation Between D’Alembert and Diderot”, as quoted in Selected Writings (1966) edited by Lester G. Crocker, and The Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture (2004) by Louis K Dupré, p. 30
Variant translation: See this egg. It is with this that all the schools of theology and all the temples of the earth are to be overturned.
As quoted in Diderot, Reason and Resonance (1982) by Élisabeth de Fontenay, p. 217
D’Alembert’s Dream (1769)
Contexto: Do you see this egg? With this you can topple every theological theory, every church or temple in the world. What is it, this egg, before the seed is introduced into it? An insentient mass. And after the seed has been introduced to into it? What is it then? An insentient mass. For what is the seed itself other than a crude and inanimate fluid? How is this mass to make a transition to a different structure, to sentience, to life? Through heat. And what will produce that heat in it? Motion.

“The more man ascends through the past, and the more he launches into the future, the greater he will be”

As quoted in "Diderot" in The Great Infidels (1881) by Robert Green Ingersoll; The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll Vol. III (1900), p. 367
Contexto: The more man ascends through the past, and the more he launches into the future, the greater he will be, and all these philosophers and ministers and truth-telling men who have fallen victims to the stupidity of nations, the atrocities of priests, the fury of tyrants, what consolation was left for them in death? This: That prejudice would pass, and that posterity would pour out the vial of ignominy upon their enemies. O Posterity! Holy and sacred stay of the unhappy and the oppressed; thou who art just, thou who art incorruptible, thou who findest the good man, who unmaskest the hypocrite, who breakest down the tyrant, may thy sure faith, thy consoling faith never, never abandon me!

“Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian.
Grace causes the Christian to act, reason the philosopher.”

Article on Philosophy, Vol. 25, p. 667, as quoted in Main Currents of Western Thought : Readings in Western European Intellectual History from the Middle Ages to the Present (1978) by Franklin Le Van Baumer
Variant translation: Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian. Grace moves the Christian to act, reason moves the philosopher. Other men walk in darkness; the philosopher, who has the same passions, acts only after reflection; he walks through the night, but it is preceded by a torch. The philosopher forms his principles on an infinity of particular observations. … He does not confuse truth with plausibility; he takes for truth what is true, for forgery what is false, for doubtful what is doubtful, and probable what is probable. … The philosophical spirit is thus a spirit of observation and accuracy.
L'Encyclopédie (1751-1766)
Contexto: Reason is to the philosopher what grace is to the Christian.
Grace causes the Christian to act, reason the philosopher. Other men are carried away by their passions, their actions not being preceded by reflection: these are the men who walk in darkness. On the other hand, the philosopher, even in his passions, acts only after reflection; he walks in the dark, but by a torch.
The philosopher forms his principles from an infinity of particular observations. Most people adopt principles without thinking of the observations that have produced them, they believe the maxims exist, so to speak, by themselves. But the philosopher takes maxims from their source; he examines their origin; he knows their proper value, and he makes use of them only in so far as they suit him.
Truth is not for the philosopher a mistress who corrupts his imagination and whom he believes to be found everywhere; he contents himself with being able to unravel it where he can perceive it. He does not confound it with probability; he takes for true what is true, for false what is false, for doubtful what is doubtful, and probable what is only probable. He does more, and here you have a great perfection of the philosopher: when he has no reason by which to judge, he knows how to live in suspension of judgment...
The philosophical spirit is, then, a spirit of observation and exactness, which relates everything to true principles...

“In any country where talent and virtue produce no advancement, money will be the national god. Its inhabitants will either have to possess money or make others believe that they do. Wealth will be the highest virtue, poverty the greatest vice.”

Observations on the Drawing Up of Laws (1774)
Contexto: In any country where talent and virtue produce no advancement, money will be the national god. Its inhabitants will either have to possess money or make others believe that they do. Wealth will be the highest virtue, poverty the greatest vice. Those who have money will display it in every imaginable way. If their ostentation does not exceed their fortune, all will be well. But if their ostentation does exceed their fortune they will ruin themselves. In such a country, the greatest fortunes will vanish in the twinkling of an eye. Those who don't have money will ruin themselves with vain efforts to conceal their poverty. That is one kind of affluence: the outward sign of wealth for a small number, the mask of poverty for the majority, and a source of corruption for all.

“All our virtues depend on the faculty of the senses, and on the degree to which external things affect us.”

Lettre sur les aveugles [Letter on the Blind] (1749)
Contexto: As to all the outward signs that awaken within us feelings of sympathy and compassion, the blind are only affected by crying; I suspect them in general of lacking humanity. What difference is there for a blind man, between a man who is urinating, and man who, without crying out, is bleeding? And we ourselves, do we not cease to commiserate, when the distance or the smallness of the objects in question produce the same effect on us as the lack of sight produces in the blind man? All our virtues depend on the faculty of the senses, and on the degree to which external things affect us. Thus I do not doubt that, except for the fear of punishment, many people would not feel any remorse for killing a man from a distance at which he appeared no larger than a swallow. No more, at any rate, than they would for slaughtering a cow up close. If we feel compassion for a horse that suffers, but if we squash an ant without any scruple, isn’t the same principle at work?

“People praise virtue, but they hate it, they run away from it.”

Denis Diderot libro Rameau's Nephew

Rameau's Nephew (1762)
Contexto: People praise virtue, but they hate it, they run away from it. It freezes you to death, and in this world you've got to keep your feet warm.

“And his hands would plait the priest's entrails,
For want of a rope, to strangle kings.”

Et ses mains ourdiraient les entrailles du prêtre,
Au défaut d’un cordon pour étrangler les rois.
"Les Éleuthéromanes", in Poésies Diverses (1875)
Variant translation: His hands would plait the priest's guts, if he had no rope, to strangle kings.
This derives from the prior statement widely attributed to Jean Meslier: "I would like — and this would be the last and most ardent of my wishes — I would like the last of the kings to be strangled by the guts of the last priest". It is often claimed the passage appears in Meslier's Testament (1725) but it only appears in abstracts of the work written by others. See the Wikipedia article Jean Meslier for details.
Let us strangle the last king with the guts of the last priest.
Attributed to Diderot by Jean-François de La Harpe in Cours de Littérature Ancienne et Moderne (1840)
Attributions to Diderot of similar statements also occur in various forms, i.e.: "Men will never be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the last priest."
Variante: Et des boyaux du dernier prêtre
Serrons le cou du dernier roi.

“From fanaticism to barbarism is only one step.”

Essai sur le Mérite de la Vertu (1745); a translation and adaptation of Inquiry concerning Virtue or Merit (1699) by Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury
Fuente: Essai sur le mérite et la vertu

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